Short Communication
A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA (SELAGINELLACEAE: LYCOPODIOPSIDA) FROM PAKISTAN
M. Irfan*1, 2, G. Jan1, F. G. Jan1 and W. Murad1
1Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
2 Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A.
*Corresponding author’s email: Mirfan310@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The current paper represents taxonomic studies of genus Selaginella from Pakistan based upon the studying of plant specimens in different herbaria of Asia, Europe and North America. A total of six species viz. Selaginella aitchisonii Hieron.,Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella jacquemontii Spring,Selaginella reticulata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring,Selaginella subdiaphana (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring and Selaginella vaginata Spring were reported; detailed descriptions of species, distribution pattern, ecology, general distribution and specimens examined from Pakistan were documented.
Key words: Flora, Lycophytes, Selaginella, Pakistan, Western Himalaya.
https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2021.3.0277
Published online on November 09, 2020
INTRODUCTION
The family Selaginellaceae belongs to lycophytes and is represented by a single diverse genus Selaginella P. Beauv., with 700–800 species worldwide (Jermy, 1986; Zhou & Zhang, 2015; Zhou et al., 2016). These species have been classified into five subgenera by Jermy (1986, 1990): S. subg. Selaginella, S. subg. Ericetorum Jermy, S. subg. Tetragonostachys Jermy, S. subg. Stachygynandrum (P. Beauv. ex Mirb.) Baker, and S. subg. Heterostachys Baker (Jermy 1986, 1990). Recently, Zhou & Zhang (2015) have proposed a 6-subgenus system of Selaginella while Weststrand and Korall (2016) proposed a 7-subgenus system.
Selaginella has a wide distribution range in tropical and subtropical regions having more species diversity in rain forests and shady hills sides but some species can thrive in xerophytic conditions (Mickel et al., 2004).
Previously, little work has been conducted on Selaginella in Pakistan. Only two taxa were documented from Pakistan by Stewart (1972): S. chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, S.sanguinolenta(L.) Spring f. aitchisonii (Hieron.) Alston (recognized as S. aitchisonii Hieron., Fraser-Jenkins, 2013). One additional newly recorded species, S. jacquomontii Spring were added to the cryptogamic flora of Pakistan by (Nakaike & Malik, 1992). Fraser- Jenkins (2013) reported names of six species of selaginella from Pakistan without any description, locality and habitat information. Previously S.aitchisonii Hieron. was reported from Mansehra District (Gul et al., 2016). All these species have been reported from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and Murree hills, Rawalpindi district of Punjab province, Pakistan (Gul et al., 2017). During our taxonomic revision of the genus a total of six species have been reported. The aims of current research were to revise the taxonomic status of genus Selaginella from Pakistan, with proper keys and diagnostic morphological and taxonomic features.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
The current study was based upon specimens deposited in the different herbaria of Asia, Europe and USA viz. RAW, ISL, PFI, KUH, HUP, PMNH, MUZU, DD, CAL, TNS, BM, K, NY & MO. All the images of type specimens were studied at access to JSTOR Global Plants project database (https://plants.jstor.org). All the specimens collected from Pakistan by various pteridologists in the past including type specimens at K, BM, NY, RAW, ISL, KUH, PFI, PMNH, DD and CAL was carefully examined. Descriptions of the species were documented based on morphological and taxonomic characters of specimens examined from Pakistan. The information of distribution pattern of species was documented from specimens deposited at all herbaria.
RESULTS
Taxonomic treatment:
Key to species:
- Branches confined to upper stem, lower stem less branched, suberect; rhizophores developed at base of stem……………………….………………………………………………………………….…………….. 1. S.aitchisonii
- Lower stem well branched or with fewer branches; rhizophores borne at upper part of stem…................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
- Branches throughout with rhizophores………………………………………………………………..……..….……… 3
- Branches not throughout with rhizophores…………………………………………………………..………...………… 5
- Leaf margins ciliate; apex with a white bristle, strobili solitary ………………………………......… 2. S. chrysocaulos
- Leaf margins dentate; apex without a white bristle, strobili two or more ………………………………....……………. 4
- Sporophyte with compressed dorsal and more compressed ventral leaves…………………………...3. S. jacquemontii
- Sporophyte without dorsal compressed leaves ……………………..………………………………..…… 4. S.reticulata
- Plants erect, thinly branched in the upper portion only ……………………………………..……….. 5. S. subdiaphana
- Plants prostrate, branched throughout………………………….…………………………..………………. 6. S. vaginata
Selaginella aitchisonii: Hieron., in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(4): 674. 1902; Dixit, 1992; Thapa, 2002; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2017; Shalimov et al., 2019.
Type: Pakistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kurram Valley, Shend Toi, Dec. 1879, J.E.T. Aitchison 369 (syntype: B-200121871!; K, CAL); KYRGYZSTAN. Turkestan, Akburtaseh, A. Regel 1878 (syntype: B-200121870!); KYRGYZSTAN. Turkestan, MusartThal., A. Regel 1877 (syntype: B-200121869!).
Syn.: Selaginella sanguinolenta (L.) Spring f. aitchisonii (Hieron.) Alston, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 11(3): 215. 1945; Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. W. Pak. 1: 1972.
Plants lithophytic, habit herbaceous, perennial, 6–32 cm, rhizophore present on whole of creeping stem. Stem branched, brownish, 0.3–0.8 mm in diameter, terete, glabrous; side branches develops into large branches; pinnately branched with sparse branchlets, primary branches of main stem 2.5–3.5 cm apart from each other, basal young leaves 0.8–1.6 mm broad. Axillary leaves narrow oblong, base peltate, obtuse; symmetrical, elliptic, 0.6–2 × 0.3–0.8 mm, margin lanceolate. Dorsal laves ovate, 0.7–1.4 × 0.3–0.7 mm, oblique at base, fringe sub-entire, apiculate at apex, ventral leaves Asymmetrical; ventral leaves oblong-obovate, 1–2 × 0.3–0.7 mm, decurrent at base, subentire at margin, apiculate at apex. Strobilus compact, tetragonal, solitary, 5–40 × 1–1.5 mm; sporophylls monomorphic, broadly ovate, margins slightly lacerate, acute at apex; megasporophylls and microsporophylls at intervals; microsporangium suborbicular; microspores orange yellowish, megaspores pale yellowish.
Distribution and ecology: Selaginellaaitchisonii Hieron. is terrestrial in moist and shady places at elevations of 1700–3000 m.
General distribution: Asia (Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal and Pakistan).
Specimens examined: PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Leepa valley, 31 Mar. 1989, S- U- R. Kashmiri s.n. (MUZU); Upper Sindh valley, 10 Sep. 1921, R. R. Stewart6791 (NY). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Shend toi, Kurrum valley, 21 May 1879, J. E. T. Aitchision 369 (DD); Shend toi ravine, Kurrum valley, 31 May 1879, J. E. T. Aitchison 369 (C, K); Pir ghal, South Waziristan, 16 May 1895, J. F. Duthie 15622 (C, DD, K); Razmak, South Waziristan, 8 May 1927, J. Fernerdez1719, 1721 (K); Jalband Valley, upper Swat, 10 Sep. 1990, C. R. Fraser-Jenkins16990 (BM).
92.otype, 2. 3333222.... 22292.otype, Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 232. 1843; Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. W. Pak. 1: 1972; Iwatsuki, 1975; Iwatsuki, 1988; Dixit, 1992; Nakaike & Malik, Crypt. Fl. Pak. 2: 318 : 1992; Thapa, 2002; Zhang, 2004; Zhang et al., 2013; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2017; Shalimov et al., 2019.
Basionym: Lycopodium chrysocaulos Hook. & Grev., Bot. Misc. 2: 401. 1831.
Type: NEPAL. N. Wallichcat. no. 127 (mislabelled as "Mountains of Penang" [Malaysia], where the species does not occur) (holotype: K-001067450!, isotype: B-200147481!).
Plants mostly terrestrial, rarely lithophytic, perennial, erect, 4–24 cm with stolons at base, stem base elongated tuber with colorless scale like leaves. Rhizophores born at base of stem. Stem stramineous, 1–4 cm tall, 0.4–1 mm diam. at base, terete, sub-quadrangular; primary branches 5–10 pairs, forked, branchlets sparse, main stem 2.5–4 mm wide at middle, ultimate branches 2–3.5 mm wide. Axillary leaves of branches asymmetrical, narrow, ovate, elliptic, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm, base ex-auriculate, margins ciliolate at base. Dorsal leaves of main stem asymmetrical, smaller than those on branches; dorsal leaves of branches not approximate, widely separated, narrowly ovate, 0.5–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, subcordate at base, denticulate at margin, base ciliolate, acuminate at apex. Ventral leaves on main stem asymmetrical, smaller than branches; ventral leaves on branches ascending slightly, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–2 × 0.7–1.5 mm, acute at apex; base shortened, not overlapped at stem and branches, margins shortly denticulate, base ciliolate. Strobili solitary, dorsoventrally complanate, 2.5–4.5 × 11.5 mm; sporophylls dimorphic, dorsal sporophylls having sporophyll-pteryx, ciliolate; ventral sporophylls ovate, denticulate at margin; megasporophylls present in basal portion of lower side of strobilus; microsporangia orbicular, microspores orange, megaspores yellow brownish.
Distribution and ecology: Selaginella chrysocaulos (Hook. & Grev.) Spring is terrestrial in moist temperate forests at an elevation of 2200 –2500 m.
General distribution: Asia (Bhutan, China, Nepal and Pakistan).
Specimens examined: PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Sirari, Poonch, 18 Feb. 1952, R.R. Stewart, E. Nasir & M. Rashid s.n. (RAW); Poonch, Tolipir, 23 Aug. 1956, J.Muhammad 217 (KUH, RAW); Grala, Oct. 1956, S. A. Khan s.n. (PFI); Poonch, Tolipir, 9 Sep. 1991, S-U-R. Kashmiri s.n. (MUZU). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Chenglai, Buner, Aug. 1937, S. singh s.n. (RAW); Nathiya gali, Abbottabad, 3 July 1946, A. Ahmad149 (RAW); Balakot, Mansehra, 24 Sep. 1964, S. I. Ali s.n. (KUH); Baragali Abbottabad, 20 Sep. 1991, T. Nakaike & S. Malik596, 1375 (PMNH, TNS). Punjab: Murree hills, Rawalpindi, 15 Aug. 1984, A. Muhammads.n. (LAH old).
Selaginella jacquemontii: Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 226. 1843; Nakaike & Malik, Crypt. Fl. Pak. 1: 262: 1992; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2017.
Type: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Pendjegam [Panchgam], V.V. Jaquemont 926 (holotype: K-001067408!).
Syn.: Selaginella sanguinolenta (L.) Spring "forma indica" (Milde) Alston, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 11(3): 215. 1945; Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. W. Pak. 1. 1972; Selaginella kashmiriana R.D.Dixit, Census Indian Pterid. 14. 1984, nom. nov. for "forma indica".
Plant terrestrial, lithophytic, more or less matches with Selaginella aitchisonii but markedly more robust with wider bilateral branches. Main stem stiff, wiry, branched throughout, brownish, 0.3–0.7 mm in diam. in lower part, stem terete, glabrous; upper branches bilateral with smaller ovate leaves, terminating with a small mucro, lateral leaves little bit larger and wider than dorsal leaves. Rhizophores at intervals throughout length of creeping stem and branches. primary leafy branches 5–8 pairs, 3 or 4 times pinnately branched, branchlets sparse, adjacent primary branches on main stem 2–4 cm apart, ultimate branches 0.8–1.8 mm wide including leaves. Axillary leaves on main stems larger than those on branches, narrowly oblong, base peltate, obtuse; axillary leaves on branches symmetrical, narrowly elliptic, 0.8–2 × 0.4–0.8 mm, margin lacerate-ciliolate. Dorsal leaves on branches imbricate, rhomboid-ovate, 0.7–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 mm, carinate, base oblique, peltate, margin subentire, apex apiculate, parallel to axis. Ventral leaves asymmetrical, ventral leaves on branches approximate, slightly ascending, oblong-obovate, 1–2 × 0.4–0.8 mm, basiscopic base decurrent, lacerate-ciliolate, acroscopic margin subentire, membranous, apex shortly aristate. Strobili weakly tetragonal, isomorphic compact, terminal, solitary, 10 – 60 × 1–1.5 mm; sporophylls similar to sterile leaves, monomorphic, broadly ovate, sharply carinate, margin slightly lacerate, apex acute; megasporophylls and microsporophylls at intervals; microsporangia suborbicular, rather thin; microspores orange yellowish, megaspores pale yellowish, 5 – 6 per sporangium.
Distribution and ecology: Selaginella jacquemontii Spring is terrestrial in moist temperate forests and lithophytic with an elevation of 1000–2400 m.
General distribution: Asia (Afghanistan, India and Pakistan).
Specimens examined: PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Palandri, Poonch, 31 Aug. 1955, J. Muhammad s.n. (RAW); Arang kel, Neelam valley, 21 Oct. 1976, Shehzad, J. Muhammad & Dilawar 780 (RAW); Leepa valley, 30 June 1989, S- U- R. Kashmiri, N. Bano & N. Akhtar s.n. (MUZU); Jhelum valley, May 1990, M. R. Khan s.n. (MUZU). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Mingora, Swat, 10 Aug. 1922, R. R. Stewart 7357 (RAW); Bahrain, Swat, 10 July 1927, R. R. Stewart9458, 9459 (K); Chitral, Lowari pass, 20 Sep. 1945, R. R. Stewart16896, 17661 (RAW); Dir Lower, 15 Aug. 1946, R. R. Stewart17833, 17887 (RAW); Bahrain, Swat, 16 July 1953, R. R. Stewart & A. Rehman s.n. (RAW); Bahrain, Swat, 18 Aug. 1955, A. Rehman 206 (BM, RAW); Matta, Swat, 12 Aug. 1952, R. R. Stewart24392 (RAW); Maina near Elam mountain Buner, 12 Aug. 1952, R. J. Rodin 5474 (K); Balakot, 26 June 1953, F. Schmid 190 (KYO); Lowari pass to Dir, Chitral, 6 Aug. 1954, M. A. Siddiqui & A. Rehmans.n. (RAW); Thandiani, Abbottabad, 25 July 1956, R. R. Stewart 27801 (RAW); Thandiani, Abbottabad, 20 June 1974, M. A. Siddiqui & E. Nasir 54 (RAW); Dir lower, 15 Aug. 1972, F. Hussain7101 (RAW); Mingora, Swat, 18 Apr. 1974, M. A. Siddiqui & Y. Nasir 8 (RAW); Pattan, Kohistan, 30 July 1976, Shehzad & Ashraf 33 (ISL); Marghuzar, Swat, 22 Sep. 1989, M.R. Awan, Z. U. Khattak & M. Ashfaq s.n. (PMNH); Besham Swat, Sharan forest Mansehra, 11 Oct. 1991, T. Nakaike & S. Malik 79, 83, 383, 410, 466, 848, 1309, 1406,1464, 1480 (PMNH, TNS).
Selaginella reticulata: (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 233. 1843; Alston, 1945; Dixit, 1992; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2017; Shalimov et al., 2019.
Basionym: Lycopodium reticulatum Hook. & Grev., Bot. Misc. 2: 402. 1831.
Type: India. Mountains of Ava, N. Wallich cat. no. 124 (holotype: K-001067446!).
Plant terrestrial, habit herbaceous, stem slightly erect, mostly creeping, 0.4 – 1cm long, 1–4 mm diameter, branched. Leaves sessile, lateral leaves 0.8–2 × 0.8–1.2 mm, ovate, broadly lanceolate with leathery texture, acute at apex, margins dentate in middle, spines 0.5–0.2 mm. Middle leaves ovate, lanceolate, 0.6–1 × 0.1–0.4 mm. Axillary leaves, ovate, 0.9–1.3 × 0.5–0.8 mm, base rotundate, margin dentate, apex subacute. Ventral leaves ovate, 1.7–2 × 0.7– 1 mm, base rotundate, basiscopic base slightly denticulate, acroscopic base rounded, not overlapping stem and branches, margin denticulate, apex subobtuse to subacute. Dorsal leaves ovate, 0.7–1 × 0.3–0.5 mm, oblique, margin thickened, distantly serrulate, apex acute to very slightly acuminate. Rhizophores in basal part or one-third creeping stem and branches, on ventral side in axils of stem branches. Main stems, much branched, slender, primary branches on intervals, 0.8–1.2 mm in diam. in lower part, second branches simple or forked. Strobili may be single or paired, flattened slightly, 0.4–0.8 cm, broadly linear. Sporophylls toothed, lanceolate, magasporangiate at base, microsporangiate at upper side; Megasporangium yellowish, pitted, 200–300 µm; orange, reniform. Microsporangium oval, brownish. Microspores 40–70 µm, trilete.
Distribution and ecology: Selaginella reticulata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring grows on banks and rocks in semi-open conditions with elevation of 1500–3000 m.
General distribution: Asia (India, Nepal and Pakistan).
Specimens examined: PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu and Kashmir: South of Muzaffarabad, 10 Sep. 1991, S-U-R. Kashmiri s.n. (MUZU).
Selaginella subdiaphana (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 232. 1843; Iwatsuki 1988; Dixit, 1992; Thapa, 2002; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2017; Zhang, 2018; Shalimov et al., 2019.
Basionym: Lycopodium subdiaphanum Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Bot. Misc. 2: 401. 1831.
Type: INDIA. Uttarakhand and Meghalaya: "Kamoon [Kumaun], R. Blinkworth" and "Montes Sylhet. F. De Silva" N. Wallich cat. no. 136 (syntypes: K-001067487!, B-200147161-A!).
Plant terrestrial, habit herbaceous, mostly perennial, rarely annuals, lateral leaves sloping, acroscopic at base, broadly auriculate with fan shaped fringe of brownish cilia around auricle, denticulate above; lower leaves of stem becomes crowded, smaller, narrower and more sloping. Stems 8–32 cm, creeping or suberect. Rhizophores restricted to lower one-third part of main stems, 0.7–2 mm in diam. in lower part. Stem slender, sulcate. Axillary leaves ovate, 1.5–2.7 × 0.5–1.6 mm, in basal part cordate, margin in basal part ciliolate, in middle and upper dentate to denticulate, apex acuminate. Ventral leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.8–1.6 mm, in base slightly auriculate, basiscopic base entire, acroscopic base endlanged, broadly overlapping stem and branches, margin ciliate-dentate at base, entire towards apex, apex subobtuse. Dorsal leaves ovate, 1.2–1.6 × 0.5–0.7 mm base obtuse or slightly subcordate, margin ciliolate to denticulate, apex acute to short acuminate. Strobili solitary, terminal, compact, 4 –8 × 2 –4 mm. Sporophylls dimorphic, dorsal sporophylls ovate, margin denticulate, sub-acute; ventral sporophylls ovate, margin ciliolate, apex acute. Microsporophylls aristate, ciliate, microspores abundant, orange, Megaspores bright red, surface warty; microspore slightly-reddish, surface warty, megaspores found at bottom, orange. In autumn season curious triangular compressed, stilt-rooted green branch-tips of one cm length survive amongst mosses and rejuvenate in Spring season, although in permanent damp and moist habitats flourish throughout the year.
Distribution and ecology: Selaginella subdiaphana (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring grows near semi-open banks at an elevation of 1800–2600 m.
General distribution: Asia (India, Nepal and Pakistan).
Specimens examined: PAKISTAN. Azad Jammu and Kashmir: South of Muzaffarabad, 20 Sep. 1991, S-U-R. Kashmiri s.n. (MUZU).
Selaginella vaginata: Spring, Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique 24(2): 87. 1850; Iwatsuki, 1975; Iwatsuki, 1988; Dixit, 1992; Thapa, 2002; Zhang, 2004; Zhang et al., 2013; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2017; Shalimov et al., 2019.
Type: INDIA. Meghalaya, Khasiya (Khasia) [cited by Spring as "Gorval" i.e. Garhwal, Uttarakhand, in error], W. Griffith, (K). Also cited as syntypes were Bhutan, "Bootan, W. Griffith" (K); and South India, Tamil Nadu, "Nelligheries [Nilgiris], G.S. Perottet642 (lectotype: P-00523066! designated by Fraser-Jenkins et al., 2017: 48).
Misapplied name: Selaginella chrysorrhizos sensu, Stewart in Nasir & Ali, Fl. W. pak. 1: 1972.
Plants mostly terrestrial rarely lithophytic, habit herbaceous, perennial, creeping, 4–11 cm, sterile stem creeping, fertile erect. Rhizophores present at bottom of fertile stem and branches. Main stem having few branches, terete, sulcate; fertile stem pinnately branched, 4–11 cm length, stramineous, branchlets sparse, adjacent primary branches ultimate, 2–6 mm width. Axillary leaves may be asymmetrical or symmetrical, ovate-triangular, 1.3–2.5 × 0.7–1.4 mm, base ex-auriculate, sub-entire. Dorsal leaves may be symmetrical or asymmetrical, approximate on branches, contiguous, imbricate, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, triangular, 0.7–2.5 × 0.5–1.4 mm, carinate, sub-cordate at base, obtuse, shortly ciliolate at margin, apex acuminate, parallel to axis. Ventral leaves asymmetrical, mostly spreading, rarely deflexed, ovate, 1.4–2.7 × 0.7–1.4 mm, acute at apex; rounded at base, margins denticulate and sub-entire. Strobili mostly solitary, rarely in pairs, compact, complanate, tetragonal, 11–40 × 2.3–3.6 mm; sporophylls dimorphic, dorsal sporophylls ovate, sharply carinate, ciliolate at margin, ventral sporophyll ovate, carinate at margin; megasporophylls present in bottom or lower portion of strobilus; microsporangium transversely elliptic; microspores reddish color, megaspores mostly yellowish.
General distribution: Asia (Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Thailand).
Specimens examined: PAKISTAN. Punjab: Rawalpindi, 10 Apr. 1972, M. A.Siddiqui & E. Nasir 7213 (RAW); Rawalpindi, 28 Oct. 1976, R. J. Faden & E. Nasir 76 (NY); Rawalpindi, 15 Sep. 1986, Y. Nasir, Rubina & Kashif12186 (RAW).
DISCUSSION
Selaginella chrysorrhizos Spring was reported by Stewart, 1972 in error for Selaginella vaginata Spring from Murree, Rawalpindi district, Punjab province, Pakistan and did not mentioned any voucher specimen number or herbarium record for that specimen which does not exist in Pakistan. R. J. Faden & E. Nasir herbarium specimen at NY was also corrected by C. R. Fraser-Jenkins which was also studied by the first author. The given species is only reported from Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam but does not exist in Pakistan.
Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the herbarium curators of MO for providing the specimens. Special thanks to Mr. C.R. Fraser-Jenkins for identifying the plant specimens. The authors are grateful to Dr. Libing Zhang for helping in manuscript preparation. The first author is grateful to Higher education commission Pakistan for granting funds as an International Ph.D. Student.
Author’s contribution: MI compiled the data, GJ and FGJ designed the experiment while WM helped in writing of manuscript.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest amongst themselves.
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