[{
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "ACTIVITY OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST OCHRATOXIN A PRODUCING ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS",
  "author": [
    {
      "family": "Naz",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Anjum",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Nawaz",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Iqbal",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Ali",
      "given": ""
    },
    {
      "family": "Manzoor",
      "given": ""
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [[2023]]
  },
  "container-title": "Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences",
  "ISSN": "1018-7081",
  "volume": "33",
  "issue": "5",
  "page": "1115-1125",
  "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2023.5.0705",
  "abstract": "<p>Plant essential oils have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times to combat disease and in agro-food science to preserve food stuff. Antifungal activity of plant essential oils was evaluated using different substrates of varied moisture levels against ochratoxin A (OTA) producing&nbsp;<em>Aspergillus&nbsp;</em><em>ochraceus</em>.&nbsp;<em>A.</em><em>ochraceus&nbsp;</em>(n = 3) isolates were processed for antifungal activity of various essential oils including&nbsp;<em>Zingiber officinale</em><span lang=\"EN-IN\">,&nbsp;<em>Curcuma longa</em>,&nbsp;<em>Eucalyptus globulus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Syzygium aromaticum, Nigella sativa</em>,&nbsp;<em>Elettaria cardamomum</em>,&nbsp;<em>Cinnamomum verum</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><em>Cuminum cyminum&nbsp;</em>extracted by hydro-distillation. To check the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, the highest zone of inhibition recorded was of&nbsp;<em>C. verum&nbsp;</em>(33.67&plusmn;0.57mm) followed by&nbsp;<em>S. aromaticum</em>(30.33&plusmn;0.57mm) and&nbsp;<span lang=\"EN-IN\">the least minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was of&nbsp;<em>S. aromaticum</em>&nbsp;(0</span>.52&plusmn;0.22 &micro;g<span lang=\"EN-IN\">/mL) followed by&nbsp;<em>C. verum</em>&nbsp;(0</span>.65&plusmn;0.22 &micro;g<span lang=\"EN-IN\">/mL).&nbsp;</span>Antifungal activity was evaluated in term of log reduction and at the exposure time of 60 and 90 min, 6&plusmn;0.00 log reduction was observed by&nbsp;<em>S. aromaticum</em>,&nbsp;<em>C. verum&nbsp;</em>and&nbsp;<em>E. cardamomum</em>&nbsp;with non-significant differences. At&nbsp;<span lang=\"EN-IN\">15<sup>th</sup>, 30<sup>th</sup>, 45<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;and 60<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;day of&nbsp;</span>experiment, toxin production by&nbsp;<em>A. ochraceus</em>&nbsp;at moisture contents (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%) in un-inoculated groups and inoculated treated groups with&nbsp;<em>C. verum</em>&nbsp;Essential Oils were found non-significantly different to each other but significantly different from the OTA production in inoculated groups of wheat, maize and rice (intact and broken). At 10% moisture level, OTA production was low and reached to maximum level at 40% moisture level and again decline with increasing moisture level. Cinnamon has showed antifungal activity against&nbsp;<em>A. ochraceus&nbsp;</em>at all moisture levels. The confirmation of inhibition potential of&nbsp;<em>C. verum</em>&nbsp;was evaluated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. This study illustrates that cinnamon oil is effective to inhibit the growth of OTA producing&nbsp;<em>A. ochraceus</em> in stored grains to overcome the economic losses.</p>",
  "publisher": "Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum",
  "URL": "https://thejaps.org.pk/AbstractView.aspx?mid=2022-JAPS-551"
}]